Innovative processes: economic and legal problems of realization, management and regulation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37772/2518-1718-2024-3(47)-15Abstract
Problem setting. The scientific work is devoted to researching issues of regulation of innovation processes to achieve and increase the efficiency of innovation activity. In Ukraine, the strategy for the development of the sphere of innovative activity for the period until 2030 is aimed at increasing the use of innovations. A process approach was chosen to achieve the goals of the Strategy. However, it is necessary to generalize the problems using a systemic approach. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Since the middle of the 20th century. scientists have done a lot of work on defining the essence, structure and classifications of innovative processes, features of their management and regulation. A large number of works are devoted to the description, construction and improvement of innovative process models. In connection with the fact that the innovation process as an object of research is heterogeneous, in recent publications the critical rethinking of the theory and practice of management of innovation processes, increasing their efficiency, continues. Purpose of the research is the development of theoretical provisions and practical recommendations for structuring the economic and legal problems of management, implementation and regulation of innovation processes using a systemic approach to improve the state innovation policy and legal regulation of innovation activity. Article’s main body. The definition of the concept of the innovation process in the scientific literature and the international standard the Oslo Manual is considered. The Oslo Manual equates the innovation process with innovation activity. It has been specified that the management of innovative activities is an innovative process. To identify and strategically solve existing economic and legal problems of innovation processes, it is proposed to build a “black box” model according to the IDEF0 functional modeling standard. Models of innovation processes in the economy, at the enterprise, in clusters and ecosystems according to the IDEF0 standard have been developed. The economic and legal problems of innovation processes are structured by groups of problems of resources, executors, regulatory tools, international interaction, economic security of the state, collaboration, interaction of enterprises with the external environment, interaction of subjects in clusters and ecosystems, exercise of powers by authorities, protection of intellectual property rights, safety of innovations, performance and efficiency of innovative activities, informing about innovation processes, reporting of enterprises, reports of state regulators. An analysis of the completeness of the list of problems specified in the Strategy for the Development of the Sphere of Innovative Activity for the period up to 2030 was carried out. The directions for improving the state innovation policy and legal regulation of innovation activities in Ukraine are substantiated. Conclusions and prospects for development. The analysis of the Strategy for the Development of the Sphere of Innovative Activity on the basis of structured groups of problems allowed us to draw a conclusion about the state’s nonsystemic innovation policy, which poses a threat to the sovereignty of Ukraine. To get out of the critical situation, the government should revise the existing Strategy, taking into account the priority of protecting national interests and the safety of innovative products and innovative technologies for consumers and society. Regardless of measures to improve the Strategy, changes should be made to the national legislation regarding the harmonization of conflicting norms, bringing basic concepts and classifications into compliance with international standards, eliminating duplication of powers of authorities and defining a single regulator. Further research will be aimed at the scientific search for effective legal regulation solutions aimed at achieving performance and efficiency implementation of innovative processes in the national economy.
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