FORMS AND METHODS OF STATE INCENTIVES OF RESEARCH AND TECHNICAL, INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY IN EU MEMBER STATE
Abstract
Problem setting. A strong economy with advanced innovation stands as one of the most important means of ensuring sustainable development of the state, improving the efficiency of the economic system and work productivity, and as a result − improved quality of life. Such type of economy is the goal of the Strategy for Sustainable Development "Ukraine-2020" signed by Presidential Decree on 12 January 2015. However, today the innovative component in the economy of Ukraine is powerless. It's explained by inefficient interaction of science and industry, unconsidered government policy and almost lack of state incentives of science and technology, innovation fields’ development. Therefore, it's important to refer to EU countries experience and turn attention to the forms and methods of innovative sector incentivation that contributed to overcome the low level of development of national innovation systems and to access to the world's innovation leaders in relatively short time.
Analysis of recent research and publications. The questions of EU innovation policy, the distinctions of legislation in science and technology and innovation in different EU countries have recently been the subject of researches by many legal scholars in Ukraine, among them: Yu. Kapitsa, D. Zadyhaylo, Yu. Atamanova, S. Bereslavskiy, G. Androschuk, R. Ennan, B. Malickiy, I. Silchenko, K. Shahbazyan and others.
Target of research. The aim of the article is to analyze the forms of incentives and methods of state support for science and technology, innovation activity in the EU Member States with the purpose to use this experience in the development of appropriate national legislation, taking into account the current economic and geopolitical challenges in Ukraine.
Article's main body. The mechanism of comprehensive state support of innovation in the EU member states has been studied. Also the attention have been drawn to the methods of incentives of scientific and technical, innovative activity in some EU countries, taking into account the characteristics of its scientific and technological development and economic situation. The basic methods of state support of research and innovative activity of enterprises in the EU have been analyzed. Among them: guaranteed direct funding, tax incentives, subsidies, vouchers, guarantees for credits and loans, implementation of schemes of access to venture capital.
Conclusions and prospects for the development. Financial mechanisms of supporting the innovative activity in the EU countries mostly focused on the realization of the innovative capacity of Member States. The most important are general economic measures that incentive the enterprise in general, develop human capital, increase the competitiveness of economy. But equally important are the special measures of indirect influence, because they provide the greatest degree of subjects' autonomy in the economic relations that can increase the interest and initiativity in innovations' creating process. Using the experience of the EU in Ukraine, it's important to form the system of financing the innovative processes from all sources (public, credit, venture capital, etc.), turning them in researches and industries that in coming decades could transferred Ukraine from innovative development outsiders to leaders.
